Word Analogies
Name the exact relationship in the first pair, preserve its direction, and apply it to the second pair.
English Word Analogies
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Analogies compare relationships—not isolated word meanings
In an analogy, the relationship between the first two terms must match the relationship between the next two. “Thermometer : temperature” means instrument used to measure a quantity, not merely two things related to weather. State the relationship as a short sentence, preserve its direction, then test every option using the same sentence.
Write a relationship sentence
Use a precise statement such as “A is used to measure B,” “A produces B,” or “A is a part of B.”
Direction matters
Author : novel is creator-to-product. Novel : author reverses that relationship.
Build one sentence that works twice
Analogy: EVIDENCE : CONCLUSION :: SYMPTOM : _____
Relationship sentence: “The first provides a basis for the second.”
Apply it: A symptom provides a basis for a diagnosis.
Reject near matches: Treatment follows diagnosis; medicine may be part of treatment; patient is only associated with the situation.
Answer: diagnosis.
Why it works
A relationship sentence prevents broad association from replacing structural similarity—the main trap in analogy questions.
Five forms you should recognize
Thermometer : temperature :: barometer : pressure. Each instrument measures the second term.
Architect : blueprint :: cartographer : map. The first creates the second.
Chapter : novel :: movement : symphony. The first is a major division of the second.
Annoyed : furious :: concerned : alarmed. The second term expresses greater intensity.
Erosion : sediment :: decay : nutrients. Each process produces the second term.
Check before you commit
- Choosing words from the same topic
- Ignoring the direction of the pair
- Using a relationship that is too broad
- Changing relationship type midway
- Choosing a true fact that does not match the model
- Failing to compare every option with the same sentence
Do you need the lesson-or just practice?
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Foundations
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Core Practice
Use mixed forms with less scaffolding.
UPCAT-Style Transfer
Apply the competency in unfamiliar representations.
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Word Analogies FAQ
What if several choices are related to the third word?
Association is insufficient. Choose the term that completes the same precise and directional relationship as the first pair.
Should I classify every analogy by a memorized label?
Labels help, but a complete relationship sentence is safer because it captures direction and nuance.
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